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Jebel Akhdar War
Jebel Akhdar War〔〔(The Jebel Akhdar War Oman 1954–1959 ). Globalsecurity.org. Retrieved on 2012-04-12.〕 (Arabic: ''حرب الجبل الأخضر Harb al-Jebel el-Akhdar'') or Jebel Akhdar rebellion erupted in 1954 and again in 1957 in Oman, as an effort by Imam Ghalib bin Ali Al Hinai to protect the Imamate of Oman lands from the Sultan Said bin Taimur. The war continued until 1959, when British armed forces were involved in aiding the Sultan and winning the war.〔Air Vice-Marshal Peter Dye (The Jebel Akhdar War: The Royal Air Force in Oman ). (PDF) . AIR POWER REVIEW. Centre for Air Power Studies. ISSN 1463-6298 Volume 11, Number 3, Winter 2008〕
==Background==
During the late 19th century and early 20th century, the Sultan in Muscat faced encroaching forces of the Imam of Oman proper, centered on the town of Nizwa. This conflict was resolved temporarily in 1920 by the Treaty of Seeb, which granted the Imam an autonomous rule in the interior Imamate of Oman, while recognising the nominal sovereignty of the Sultan in Muscat and its surroundings. When oil exploration had begun in Oman in the early 1920s, by the Anglo-Persian Oil Company,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Overview )〕 oil was found in the region of Farhud, which was part of the Imamate lands, prompting the Sultan to violate the Treaty of Seeb and take over the Imamate lands.
When Said bin Taimur became ruler of Muscat and Oman, the defence of the region was guaranteed by treaties with Britain. The only armed forces in Muscat and Oman were tribal levies and a palace guard recruited from Baluchistan in Pakistan (due to a historical quirk by which the Sultan also owned the port of Gwadur).
Before 1954, there had been a dispute with Saudi Arabia over the ownership of the Buraimi Oasis, which was important for oil exploration rights. In 1954, the Imam of Oman was Ghalib bin Ali Al Hinai. He had been prepared to muster Omani tribesmen to expel the Saudis from Buraimi, but at British instigation, the matter was settled by arbitration. To prevent the Imam interfering with the settlement over Buraimi, a battalion-sized task force, the ''Muscat and Oman Field Force'', to which some British officers were attached, was raised, and occupied the town of Ibri. The Sultan's prestige and authority was damaged by his disdain for his own people.
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